Table 3 Comparison of characteristics between people avoiding gluten without Celiac disease (PWAG) and non-PWAG individuals in 2000 and 2011

Females

81.8

55.4

0.102

66.7

56.0

0.294

Fulltime employment

18.2

52.6

0.022

41.7

48.5

0.504

Lactose-free diet

36.4

9.2

0.004

41.7

12.0

< 0.001

Low cholesterol diet

9.1

7.7

0.852

8.3

6.6

0.731

Weight loss diet

0

2.8

0.533

4.2

1.6

0.327

Food allergy diet

9.1

1.9

0.100

12.5

3.0

0.007

Vegetarian diet

0

0.3

0.861

4.2

1.2

0.185

IBS

9.1

1.9

0.026

4.2

1.8

0.420

IBD

0

2.3

0.613

0

1.8

0.513

Asthma

18.2

8.8

0.342

16.7

9.8

0.225

Autoimmune disease¹

0

8.2

0.345

4.2

6.4

0.655

Lactose-intolerance

9.1

7.6

0.853

29.2

7.6

< 0.001

Depression

18.2

9.2

0.303

4.2

8.0

0.513

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

P

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

P

Age, years

60.8

20.6

52.6

14.9

0.087

56.0

16.3

56.1

13.5

0.978

BMI, kg/m²

28.3

8.4

26.9

4.6

0.455

25.8

4.1

27.1

4.7

0.195

School, years

9.1

4.7

11.3

4.1

0.321

12.1

3.8

13.0

4.1

0.243

Dietary fiber, g/day

26.2

13.2

25.1

10.5

0.755

23.5

12.4

25.6

11.0

0.357

Doctor visits, n/year²

3.9

2.3

4.1

4.1

0.761

5.7

4.0

3.7

3.6

0.027

Hemoglobin, g/l

131

20.0

143

14.4

0.052

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

Ferritin, µg/l

64.2

75.5

97.8

113.1

0.652

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

TGA, U/l or %³

2.2

1.4

2.4

2.3

0.834

0³

NA²

5.0³

NA³

NA³

Cholesterol, mmol/l

6.1

1.1

5.9

1.1

0.859

5.7

1.1

5.4

1.0

0.165

D-25-vitamin, nmol/l

43.1

16.8

45.3

16.9

0.659

82.8

18.8

76.2

22.3

0.152

BDI, points

12.3

9.8

7.1

6.9

0.035

2.3

3.5

2.7

3.8

0.604

GHQ-12, points

3.5

4.2

1.8

2.9

0.085

1.8

2.9

1.5

2.6

0.663