Table 1 Characteristics of the patients enrolled in this study

Gender

 Male/Female

149 (65)/81 (35)

 Median (IQR) age of undergoing endoscopy (years)

44 (34–57)

 Median (IQR) duration of disease (years)

12 (4.4–21)

 Median (IQR) age at diagnosis (years)

24 (19–34)

 A1: < 16/A2:16–40/A3: > 40

36 (16)/166 (72)/28 (12)

Number of endoscopy procedures

 1/2/> 3

84 (59)/40 (28)/19 (13)

Disease location

 L1: ileal/L2: colonic/L3: ileocolonic

50 (22)/47 (20)/133 (58)

Disease behavior

 B1: inflammation/B2: stricturing/B3: penetrating

75 (33)/94 (41)/61 (26)

 Perianal disease

98 (43)

 CDAI score (IQR)

135 (58–179)

 Clinical remission^a

155 (67)

 Previous intestinal resection

130 (57)

 Smoking (current/ex/never)

12 (5)/25 (11)/193 (84)

Concomitant medications

 5-aminosalicylic acid

153 (67)

 Corticosteroids

31 (13)

 Thiopurine

98 (43)

 TNF-alpha antagonist

125 (54)

 Vedolizumab

1 (0.4)

 Ustekinumab

32 (14)

 Elemental diet

128 (56)

Endoscopy

 Total colonoscopy/Balloon-assisted enteroscopy

47 (20)/183 (80)

Endoscopy findings

 mSES-CD 0/1–2/3–4/5–10/11–15

97 (42)/19 (8)/54 (24)/57 (25)/3 (1)

 endoscopic remission (≤ 2)

116 (50%)

Values of biomarkers, median (IQR)

 Leucine-rich alpha- 2 glycoprotein (µg/mL)

13.1 (8.5–16.7)

 C-reactive protein (mg/dL)

0.10 (0.04–0.22)

 Fecal calprotectin (μg/g)

202 (61–687)