Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the participants based on the presence of NAFLD
Variables | Total (n = 5891) | NAFLD (n = 2641) | Non-NAFLD (n = 3250) | Test of significance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, [M (P25, P 75)] | 54.00 (38.00–66.00) | 56.00 (43.00–67.00) | 51.00 (34.00–66.00) | < 0.001# |
< 40 | 1574 (26.7) | 511 (19.3) | 1063 (32.7) | < 0.001 |
40–59 | 1970 (33.4) | 973 (36.8) | 997 (30.7) | |
≥ 60 | 2348 (39.9) | 1157 (43.8) | 1190 (36.6) | |
Gender(%) | < 0.001 | |||
Male | 2821 (47.9) | 1406 (53.2) | 1415 (43.5) | |
Female | 3070 (52.1) | 1235 (46.8) | 1835 (56.5) | |
Education level (%) | 0.168 | |||
Less than high school | 1056 (17.9) | 501 (19.0) | 555 (17.1) | |
High school | 1356 (23.0) | 598 (22.6) | 758 (23.3) | |
More than high school | 3479 (59.0) | 1542 (58.4) | 1937 (59.6) | |
Race/ethnicity (%) | < 0.001 | |||
Mexican American | 639 (10.8) | 371 (14.0) | 268 (8.2) | |
Other Hispanic | 600 (10.2) | 271 (10.3) | 329 (10.1) | |
Non-Hispanic White | 2057 (34.9) | 969 (36.7) | 1088 (33.5) | |
Non-Hispanic Black | 1541 (26.2) | 582 (22.0) | 959 (29.5) | |
Other Race | 1054 (17.9) | 448 (17.0) | 606 (18.6) | |
PIR (%) | 0.318 | |||
< 1.3 | 1544 (26.2) | 667 (25.3) | 877 (27.0) | |
≥ 1.3,<3.5 | 2292 (38.9) | 1044 (39.5) | 1248 (38.4) | |
≥ 3.5 | 2055 (34.9) | 930 (35.2) | 1125 (34.6) | |
BMI, [M (P25, P 75)] | 28.70 (25.00-33.60) | 33.48 (7.49) | 27.16 (5.86) | < 0.001# |
Smoking status (%) | < 0.001 | |||
Never | 3670 (62.3) | 1611 (61.0) | 2059 (63.4) | |
Former | 1428 (24.2) | 720 (27.3) | 708 (21.8) | |
Current smoker | 793 (13.5) | 310 (11.7) | 483 (14.9) | |
Comorbidities | ||||
Diabetes (%) | < 0.001 | |||
Yes | 1286 (21.8) | 871 (33.0) | 415 (12.8) | |
No | 4605 (78.2) | 1770 (67.0) | 2835 (87.2) | |
Hypertension (%) | < 0.001 | |||
Yes | 2825 (48.0) | 1511 (57.2) | 1314 (40.4) | |
No | 3066 (52.0) | 1130 (42.8) | 1936 (59.6) | |
Coronary heart disease (%) | < 0.001 | |||
Yes | 697 (11.8) | 364 (13.8) | 333 (10.2) | |
No | 5194 (88.2) | 2277 (86.2) | 2917 (89.8) | |
Laboratory findings | ||||
ALT, [M (P25, P 75)] | 17.00 (13.00–25.00) | 20.00 (15.00–29.00) | 15.00 (12.00–21.00) | < 0.001# |
AST, [M (P25, P 75)] | 19.00 (16.00–23.00) | 20.00 (16.00–25.00) | 18.00 (16.00–22.00) | < 0.001# |
TG, [M (P25, P 75)] | 1.28 (0.89–1.86) | 1.56 (1.12–2.25) | 1.07 (0.79–1.56) | < 0.001# |
TC, [M (P25, P 75)] | 4.73 (4.09–5.46) | 4.78 (4.11–5.51) | 4.71 (4.06–5.40) | 0.007# |
HbA1c, [M (P25, P 75)] | 5.60 (5.30-6.00) | 5.80 (5.50–6.40) | 5.50 (5.30–5.80) | < 0.001# |
HDL, [M (P25, P 75)] | 1.32 (1.09–1.58) | 1.19 (1.01–1.42) | 1.42 (1.19–1.71) | < 0.001# |
HbA1c/HDL, [M (P25, P 75)] | 4.34 (3.49–5.41) | 5.00 (4.06–6.12) | 3.88 (3.22–4.77) | < 0.001# |